Economics

Introduction to Public Debt (Part 02)

This article is a continuation of Introduction to Public Debt (Part 01) With the high level of surging public debts the discussions about defaults are rising …

Introduction to Public Debt (Part 01)

Public debt indicates the amount of outstanding debt instruments that are issued by the government anytime during the past but not yet repaid. (Seater, 2008) …

Profit Arbitraging in Forex Transactions

Forex arbitraging is defined as making a grain or profit by buying and selling of currencies which are priced wrong. The market in which trader buys the forex …

An Introduction to Income Hypothesis

Income Hypothesis is mainly about observing consumers’ behavior proportional to their income. This can be divided into three main categories. Permanent …

What is Foodflation?

Foodflation has become a buzz in the world economy and said to have major impact on developing nations. What is this foodflation? What is happening to world …

A Crash Course on Foreign Exchange Markets

The demand for one currency into another decides the fluctuation of foreign exchange transactions. The foreign exchange markets have many different …

Consumer Surplus and Producer Surplus

Consumer Surplus is defined as the difference between the price a customer is willing to pay for a product and the price that he actually ends up paying. When …

Use and Problems of Measuring National Income Data

Use of National Income Data As a measurement of standard of living of people- The GNP and GDP statistics are used to measure the standard of living where a …

Calculating National Income

National income (Y) is defined as the total level of output of the economy. There are 03 approaches for  measuring national income and they are as follows: …

Introduction to National Income

National Income (Y) is an the total level of activity of given economy in a particular period. In other words national income measures the total level …